Testing the Enviroment Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in South Africa Using the ARDL Approach
- Authors: Ganda, Fortune
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Carbon emissions , Ecological footprint , Economic growth , Financial development , Foreign direct investment , Human capital , Renewable energy consumption
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/15795 , vital:80397 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12377
- Description: In recent years, an abundance of research has beenconducted on the purported environmental Kuznets curve(EKC) hypothesis, which progressively proposed an invertedU-shaped relationship between income and emissions. Theprimary objective of this research is to examine the case ofSouth Africa, which stands as a prominent example of ahighly developed industrialized economy within the Africancontinent. This study aims to explore the potential ofSouth Africa in reducing emissions resulting from humanactivities. Therefore, this study utilizes the autoregressivedistributed lag (ARDL) approaches. The study's findingsdemonstrate the existence of both the U-shaped curve andthe inverted U-shaped EKC when considering the parame-ters being examined in both short-term and long-term sce-narios. In the short term, the inflection points of per capitaGDP obtained from two regressions on carbon emissionsvalidate values within the range of US$45.675-US$45.72.The relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI)and financial development and their effects on environmen-tal quality have yielded inconclusive and statistically insig-nificant results in both periods. The long-term impact ofrenewable energy usage on environmental quality, specifi-cally in terms of carbon emissions and ecological footprint,is substantial and exhibits a negative correlation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Ganda, Fortune
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Carbon emissions , Ecological footprint , Economic growth , Financial development , Foreign direct investment , Human capital , Renewable energy consumption
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/15795 , vital:80397 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12377
- Description: In recent years, an abundance of research has beenconducted on the purported environmental Kuznets curve(EKC) hypothesis, which progressively proposed an invertedU-shaped relationship between income and emissions. Theprimary objective of this research is to examine the case ofSouth Africa, which stands as a prominent example of ahighly developed industrialized economy within the Africancontinent. This study aims to explore the potential ofSouth Africa in reducing emissions resulting from humanactivities. Therefore, this study utilizes the autoregressivedistributed lag (ARDL) approaches. The study's findingsdemonstrate the existence of both the U-shaped curve andthe inverted U-shaped EKC when considering the parame-ters being examined in both short-term and long-term sce-narios. In the short term, the inflection points of per capitaGDP obtained from two regressions on carbon emissionsvalidate values within the range of US$45.675-US$45.72.The relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI)and financial development and their effects on environmen-tal quality have yielded inconclusive and statistically insig-nificant results in both periods. The long-term impact ofrenewable energy usage on environmental quality, specifi-cally in terms of carbon emissions and ecological footprint,is substantial and exhibits a negative correlation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
The Infuence of Agricultural Policy on Carbon Emission in Selected OECD Countries
- Authors: Ganda, Fortune
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Agricultural policy , Agricultural financial support , Producer protection ratio , Carbon emissions
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/15790 , vital:80396 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19881
- Description: Global agriculture is actively impacted by policies which affect the composition and location of produce and the production methods. This paper examines how agricultural policy affects carbon emissons in 27 OECD countries over the period 2000 to 2020. This research deploys the Gener-alised Methods of Moments (GMM) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) to analyse panel data. The study findings demonstrate that the indicators of agricultural policy (agricultural financial sup-port and producer protection ratio) predominantly display a significantly positive relationship with emissions in the short term. Still, that link is mostly significantly negative in the long run. As such, agricultural policy is a driver of emissions in the short run, which is in line with the extended STIRPAT model, although in the long run, the variable seizes to be a driver. Economic growth, transport services and human capital support that their association is positively signifi-cant in the short run, chiefly negative and significant in the long run. There is overwhelming evidence that renewable energy is negatively and significantly associated with emissions in both periods. This research analysis is imperative to create vital cornerstones towards a complete understanding of the effects of agricultural policy on developing green economies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Ganda, Fortune
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Agricultural policy , Agricultural financial support , Producer protection ratio , Carbon emissions
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/15790 , vital:80396 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19881
- Description: Global agriculture is actively impacted by policies which affect the composition and location of produce and the production methods. This paper examines how agricultural policy affects carbon emissons in 27 OECD countries over the period 2000 to 2020. This research deploys the Gener-alised Methods of Moments (GMM) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) to analyse panel data. The study findings demonstrate that the indicators of agricultural policy (agricultural financial sup-port and producer protection ratio) predominantly display a significantly positive relationship with emissions in the short term. Still, that link is mostly significantly negative in the long run. As such, agricultural policy is a driver of emissions in the short run, which is in line with the extended STIRPAT model, although in the long run, the variable seizes to be a driver. Economic growth, transport services and human capital support that their association is positively signifi-cant in the short run, chiefly negative and significant in the long run. There is overwhelming evidence that renewable energy is negatively and significantly associated with emissions in both periods. This research analysis is imperative to create vital cornerstones towards a complete understanding of the effects of agricultural policy on developing green economies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
Unveiling the Green Impact: Exporing the Nexus Between Trade Openness and Enviromental Quality in South Africa
- Dingiswayo, Unathi, Sibanda, Kin, Dubihlela, Dorah
- Authors: Dingiswayo, Unathi , Sibanda, Kin , Dubihlela, Dorah
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Trade openness , Carbon emissions , Granger casuality test , Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bounds , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/15399 , vital:80099
- Description: In light of the escalating concerns about environmental sustainability and the profound impact of international trade on environmental outcomes, the study's focal point was to empirically investigate the relationship between trade openness and environmental quality in South Africa from 1994 to 2018. In order to achieve the goal, the research utilised the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds method and the Granger causality test for analysing data. The ARDL Bounds approach was chosen for its ability to examine both short-run and long-run relationships, while the Granger causality test provided insights into the direction of causality between the variables. This combination of robust econometric techniques enhances the reliability and depth of the study's findings, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between trade openness and environmental quality in the country. The analysis results revealed a significant and positive relationship between trade openness and carbon emissions in the short and long run. The Granger causality test also indicated a unidirectional causality from trade openness to environmental quality. These implications are paramount for the South African government's policy formulation. In order to tackle the environmental issues that come with open trade, the government must put in place trade agreements that will enhance its ability to address these concerns efficiently. One crucial step is reducing trade barriers on environmental goods, facilitating increased access to green technologies at lower costs. Moreover, the government should prioritise enacting and enforcing strict environmental laws to avoid the "pollution haven hypothesis," which often affects low-income countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Dingiswayo, Unathi , Sibanda, Kin , Dubihlela, Dorah
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: Trade openness , Carbon emissions , Granger casuality test , Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bounds , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/15399 , vital:80099
- Description: In light of the escalating concerns about environmental sustainability and the profound impact of international trade on environmental outcomes, the study's focal point was to empirically investigate the relationship between trade openness and environmental quality in South Africa from 1994 to 2018. In order to achieve the goal, the research utilised the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds method and the Granger causality test for analysing data. The ARDL Bounds approach was chosen for its ability to examine both short-run and long-run relationships, while the Granger causality test provided insights into the direction of causality between the variables. This combination of robust econometric techniques enhances the reliability and depth of the study's findings, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between trade openness and environmental quality in the country. The analysis results revealed a significant and positive relationship between trade openness and carbon emissions in the short and long run. The Granger causality test also indicated a unidirectional causality from trade openness to environmental quality. These implications are paramount for the South African government's policy formulation. In order to tackle the environmental issues that come with open trade, the government must put in place trade agreements that will enhance its ability to address these concerns efficiently. One crucial step is reducing trade barriers on environmental goods, facilitating increased access to green technologies at lower costs. Moreover, the government should prioritise enacting and enforcing strict environmental laws to avoid the "pollution haven hypothesis," which often affects low-income countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
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