Showing items 201 - 220 of 70405

Impact of piracy on cruise tourism in East and West Africa

  • Authors: Jonas, Lynn
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Ocean travel , Cruise lines , Tourism
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/72768 , vital:79259
  • Description: Maritime transport has become essential to international trade as approximately 90% of world commodities are carried by sea. Maritime security has thus become a critical issue to consider, and security efforts have intensified considering the rise of modern piracy. The global impact of piracy is far reaching as it includes inflated labour and fuel costs because of diversions and the use of alternative routes to avoid pirates. Piracy along East Africa was rampant between 2008 and 2012, but then moved predominantly to West Africa. The threat of piracy to passenger vessels is of great concern as the global cruise tourism industry has grown tremendously over the past few decades. The reaction of the shipping industry to piracy is avoidance of the affected routes, and this study considered the prevalence of piracy and how it affects the cruise tourism industry on the African continent. The four research objectives were to determine the extent of cruise tourism in Africa, to evaluate the prevalence of piracy on East and West Africa, and to ascertain the maritime safety and security measures put in place to combat piracy. The study utilised an interpretivist paradigm, following a qualitative research approach with document analysis as the data collection method. Forty-one publicly available documents were selected through purposive and subsequent snowball sampling from the International Maritime Bureau, International Maritime Organisation, and Cruise Line International Association. Documents were analysed with the aid of Atlas.ti through a thematic analysis process. The findings of the study indicate that there is a lack of available information about cruise tourism in Africa and the continent receives approximately 1% of the world cruises. East Africa has seen growth in cruise tourism, but West Africa is still struggling with security concerns, hampering cruise tourism. Moreover, piracy in East Africa had been reduced to no reports of attacks, while West African piracy has continued to flourish with highly dangerous and violent, organised gangs operating in the region. All vessels are fair game during attacks and pirates are well armed with sophisticated weapons and mundane weapons such as knives. Theft, hijacking, and kidnapping are most common, with West Africa accounting for nearly all instances of pirate kidnappings worldwide. In combating piracy, regional and international collaboration has contributed significantly to the reduction of piracy in East Africa. Reporting agencies continue to issue warnings and recommendations to shipping companies and ship masters to be on high alert as pirates continue to have the ability and willingness to attack. The study findings assert that piracy has a negative impact on cruise tourism and further studies may consider additional reasons for the slow growth of cruise tourism in Africa. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Impacts of initial planting density and varying levels of mortality on Pinus patula pulpwood growth, yield, size inequality and profitability in southeastern Mpumalanga, South Africa

  • Authors: Cishe, Avelile
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Pulpwood industry -- South Africa -- Mpumalanga , Pinus patula -- South Africa -- Mpumalanga , Forests and forestry -- South Africa -- Mpumalanga
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/75617 , vital:79971
  • Description: The South African forestry industry makes use of exotic monoculture plantations that are managed intensively to optimize growth, yield, uniformity and financial returns. This intensive management requires a sound understanding of how management and silviculture inputs impact forest growth, yield and profitability. Initial planting density is one of the most important forest management decisions influencing stand dynamics, especially in short-rotation, pulpwood stands which receive no thinnings. Within SA, most growth and yield (G&Y) research has been conducted on pine and eucalypt sawtimber stands, as well as on eucalypts grown for mining timber and pulpwood. Although many of the pine G&Y trials contained a range of planting densities (which would incorporate those used in both thinned and unthinned stands), limited data is available as to how initial planting density and varying levels of mortality impact growth, yield, size inequality and profitability in Pinus patula pulpwood stands. To address this, a Pinus patula trial was established in 2007 in southeastern Mpumalanga (South Africa) to test the impact of initial planting density and varying levels of mortality on pulpwood growth, uniformity, yield and profitability. The trial was measured annually until 14 years, 8 months and felled in 2022 due to the occurrence of Diplodia sapinea infection. The data was then projected to 17 years (rotation age) using the Forestry Scenario Analysis Tool. Three objectives, each dealing with a different aspect were set, the outcomes of which are highlighted below. The first objective dealt with the impact of seven different planting densities (620, 1 102, 1 293, 1 500, 1 722, 1 959, and 2 479 SPH) on individual tree and standlevel growth, size inequality and yield over 17 years. Although survival decreased with an increase in planting density (albeit only at p≤ 0.1) at rotation age, the final stocking was significant (p≤ 0.001) regardless of subsequent mortality experienced during the rotation period. The lowest stocked treatments had the largest quadratic mean tree diameter and volume tree-1, but with higher stand basal area and volume ha-1.The Gini coefficient indicated that DBH inequality was most prominent in the densely stocked treatments. In addition, the most densely stocked treatments had a higher slenderness coefficient, while the 1 293, 1 102 and 620 SPH treatments were the only ones that were stable when using the standard industry slenderness coefficient of 1.15 cm m-1. The optimum felling age, indicated by the current and mean annual increment was 16 years for the 1 102 and 620 SPH treatments, while it was 15 years for the rest of the treatments. Although the more densely stocked treatments (2 479 and 1 959 SPH) , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Implementation of quality management systems in engineering design practices during the construction stage: case study

  • Authors: Lé Brand, Dane
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Total quality management , Construction industry -- Management , Quality control -- Standards -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73981 , vital:79603
  • Description: Given the historical quality and QMS implementation challenges, in terms of a range of issues, a sample of engineers/engineering technologists were surveyed to determine their understanding of quality and QMSs, the prevalence of QMSs, the barriers to QMS implementation, current QMS practices implemented, and what QMS requirements are needed to improve the implementation of QMSs to increase the adherence to quality on construction projects. The treatise reports on the findings emanating from a quantitative study that entailed the completion of a self-administered survey questionnaire conducted among engineers/engineering technologists, along with the review of the relevant literature. The type of research is based upon descriptive survey research, with specific reference to the application of natural science methods to study social phenomena, with the purpose of obtaining information about a group of people’s opinions, attitudes and previous experience using written questionnaires. The sample population consisted of 94 engineers/engineering technologists within a consulting firm, of which 25 responded to the survey questionnaire. The sample was selected using probability sampling with emphasis on simple random sampling methods. The survey questionnaire was distributed using email and completed using Microsoft Forms. The results were subsequently subjected to descriptive statistical analysis techniques. The findings indicate that although the participants of the survey questionnaire had an understanding of quality and QMSs, there is still room for improvement, QMSs are not as prevalent in the construction industry as would have been expected and is based on experience rather than literature, there are still significant barriers to the implementation of QMSs present, current QMS requirements are not considered present in the South African construction industry, and such QMS requirements need to be set up based upon South African legislation. Conclusions include: QMS requirements are lacking in the South African construction industry, and the generation of a QMS framework will contribute to the improvement of quality and QMS implementation; such a QMS framework needs to be based on South African legislation, and adequate education and training related to quality and QMS implementation need to be provided at both tertiary education institutions, as well as among individuals already in the construction industry. Recommendations include: clear definitions of quality and QMSs need to be formulated and communicated; barriers to the implementation of QMSs need to be identified and addressed; organisations need to consider their organisational culture when incorporating QMS requirements into their business; the QMS framework need to be set up to allow for the measurement of quality; functionality points for the adherence to QMS requirements and site-specific QMS requirements need to be included in tender documents; QMS requirements need to be considered by the client's agent during project stages 1 to 4; technological applications and electronic devices need to contribute to QMS implementation; education and training related to the generation and implementation of QMSs need to be applied, and the need and benefits of a QMS framework need to be promoted within the South African construction industry. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, School of the Built Environment and Civil Engineering, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Improving the implementation of performance management development systems (PMDS) in the selected hospitals of the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Health

  • Authors: Malashe, Nolukhanyo
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Performance -- Management , Systems of development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Organizational effectiveness -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/72938 , vital:79287
  • Description: The study intends to improve the implementation of Performance Management Development Systems (PMDS) in the selected hospitals of the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Health. PMDS is a standardised framework implemented across all government departments to ensure consistency in evaluating and developing employee performance. PMDS seeks to improve the performance of government departments by coordinating the goals of each employee with the overall goals of the company. It enables regular performance reviews to encourage responsibility and ongoing progress, while also clearly defining performance expectations and connecting roles and responsibilities to strategic objectives. PMDS also supports professional growth by identifying training and development needs. Although the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Health is implementing PMDS, implementation of the PMDS is under question because of the overall performance. Hence the study investigated the factors that can be implemented by the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Health to ensure that the PMDS is effective and efficient. The study was qualitative in nature, out of the target and accessible population of 252, the participation rate was 12 after which the point of saturation was reached. The study found that, while the PMDS has the potential to be an effective tool for enhancing employee performance and organisational alignment, its success largely depends on thorough and consistent implementation. Key challenges identified included a lack of understanding of the system, role ambiguity, limited commitment from employees, and insufficient opportunities for personal development. The research recommended some key actions for addressing the challenges identified in the study. Firstly, regular training on PMDS should be provided to ensure employees have a clear understanding of the system and its processes. Second, establishing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) specific to the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Health would create consistency and clarity in applying PMDS across the department. Additionally, continuous monitoring and evaluation should be conducted to assess PMDS effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. Finally, fostering employee development through targeted programs would enhance skills and motivation, supporting both individual growth and the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Health's overall performance. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Improving the survival of SMMEs in the New Brighton township of Gqeberha through support partnerships

  • Authors: Oor, Reginald Dimitre
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Small business -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Home-based businesses -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Informal sector (Economics) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73565 , vital:79479
  • Description: Townships in South Africa are home to a significant proportion of the country's population and have historically been recognized as vital areas for economic development. With untapped potential to become thriving economic hubs, these regions hold the promise of addressing pressing socio-economic challenges such as unemployment and poverty. The SMMEs in New Brighton Township, Gqeberha, are diverse and primarily consist of retail, service-based, and informal businesses. Key sectors include spaza shops, street vendors, hair salons, small-scale manufacturing, automotive repair services, and hospitality (such as taverns and fast-food outlets). These enterprises play a crucial role in local economic development, providing essential goods, services, and employment opportunities despite facing challenges like limited funding, infrastructure constraints, and market competition. These include limited access to funding, inadequate infrastructure, regulatory burdens, and insufficient strategic support. This study focused on the New Brighton Township in Gqeberha, a region with considerable economic potential yet constrained by significant socio-economic challenges. Using a qualitative research methodology, this study explored the barriers to SMME sustainability and the role of support partnerships in overcoming these challenges. Purposive sampling was employed to select 12 SMME owners in New Brighton, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather in-depth insights. These interviews provided valuable perspectives on the specific obstacles faced by SMMEs, the influence of support partnerships on their survival, and the broader impact of franchised businesses on local enterprises. The findings revealed that barriers such as limited financial support, lack of capacity-building opportunities, and insufficient community engagement impede SMME growth. Conversely, collaborative support partnerships between government, private sector stakeholders, and local entrepreneurs were identified as critical to enhancing SMME sustainability. This research highlights the need for tailored interventions to address the unique challenges faced by township based SMMEs. Recommendations include the development of strategic alliances that provide financial support, training programs, and community-oriented business strategies. By fostering robust support partnerships, stakeholders can help SMMEs in New Brighton achieve resilience, stimulate local economic growth, and contribute to inclusive development. This study contributes towards bridging the knowledge gap on township based SMMEs, offering actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners committed to empowering these vital economic drivers. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Increased access to electricity and economic growth in South Africa from 1994 to 2022

  • Authors: Ramathuba, Tshililo
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Rural electrification -- Economic aspects -- South Africa , Electric utilities -- South Africa , Economic development -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/73614 , vital:79487
  • Description: This study looks at the impact of electricity access on economic growth in South Africa from 1994 to 2022, noting differences between rural and urban areas. Prior to 1990, electricity was primarily available in urban areas, leaving rural and informal settlements underserved. Since the advent of democracy in 1994 and the earlier electrification programme, efforts have been made to improve access to electricity in these historically disadvantaged communities. Access increased from 34% of households in 1994 to more than 85% in 2018 and 90% by 2022, with notable gains in rural electrification. The study used an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and found that gross fixed capital formation and an effective labour force significantly impact economic growth. Access to electricity stimulates economic growth in both urban and rural areas but has a more pronounced impact in rural areas. In rural areas, electricity substantially enhances the quality of life, productivity, and business prospects. However, in urban areas, where electricity is more readily available, the economic effect is minimal with additional access. Higher electricity consumption per capita and rising electricity tariffs, on the other hand, have a negative impact on growth, highlighting the need for improved energy efficiency and cost management. Recommendations from the report emphasise the importance of targeted infrastructure investments and policy reforms for achieving balanced and long-term economic growth in rural and urban areas. In this regard, expansion of electricity access in rural areas should remain a priority, although with a focus on off-grid solutions over conventional grid expansion due to their cost-effectiveness and their practicality in remote rural areas. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Indima edlalwa ngumdlalo okhethiweyo wesixhosa kumabonakude ekuphuhliseni nasekulondolozeni Isixhosa

  • Authors: Ntshwanti, Awodwa
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Television programs -- South Africa , Language obsolescence -- South Africa , Xhosa language -- South Africa
  • Language: Xhosa
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/72476 , vital:79228
  • Description: Kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye sele kuthenjelwe kwizixhobo ezithile ezifana noomabonakude, iincwadi noonomathotholo njengezona zixhobo zokulondoloza ulwimi lungafi. Kwakhona ukufundwa kweencwadi sele kudodobala ngamandla kuba abantu bachitha ixesha elide bebukele amabalana kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya efana noomabonakude. Esi simo senza ukufundwa kweencwadi kungathathelwa ngqalelo ingako. Ababhali beencwadi bebesenza ngako konke okusemandleni abo ukugcina iilwimi zikumgangatho onguwo. Ngoku umabonakude ngoyena udlala indima enkulu kulwimi kuba indlela abadlali abasebenzisa ngayo ulwimi kwiinkqubo zabo ithi ibe nefuthe elimandla ekusetyenzisweni kolo lwimi lwaloo mdlali ngababukeli abamthandayo. Ukuba umdlali usebenzisa izinto ezithile ukuhombisa iintetha zakhe, loo nto ingenza ukuba ababukeli basebenzise ezo zinto nabo. Ezi nkqubo zikamabonakude zithi zibe nefuthe elimandla ekusetyenzisweni kolwimi. Olu phando lukhangela ukuba yeyiphi indima edlalwa ngumdlalo okhethiweyo wesiXhosa kumabonakude ekuphuhliseni nasekulondolozeni isiXhosa xa kujongwa ulwimi olusetyenziswayo, iindlela zokuthetha kwakunye nemiba echaphazela inkcubeko. Kwiziphumo uphando lufumanise ukuba umdlalo okhethiweyo awenzi ngokwaneleyo ukuphuhlisa nokulondoloza isiXhosa. Uphando luqhutywe kusetyenziswa indlela yophando eluhlahlelo hlobo. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Indima edlalwa ngumdlalo okhethiweyo wesixhosa kumabonakude ekuphuhliseni nasekulondolozeni Isixhosa

  • Authors: Ntshwanti, Awodwa
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Endangered languages -- South Africa , Language obsolescence -- South Africa , Mass media and language -- South Africa
  • Language: Isixhosa
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/72469 , vital:79230
  • Description: Kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye sele kuthenjelwe kwizixhobo ezithile ezifana noomabonakude, iincwadi noonomathotholo njengezona zixhobo zokulondoloza ulwimi lungafi. Kwakhona ukufundwa kweencwadi sele kudodobala ngamandla kuba abantu bachitha ixesha elide bebukele amabalana kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya efana noomabonakude. Esi simo senza ukufundwa kweencwadi kungathathelwa ngqalelo ingako. Ababhali beencwadi bebesenza ngako konke okusemandleni abo ukugcina iilwimi zikumgangatho onguwo. Ngoku umabonakude ngoyena udlala indima enkulu kulwimi kuba indlela abadlali abasebenzisa ngayo ulwimi kwiinkqubo zabo ithi ibe nefuthe elimandla ekusetyenzisweni kolo lwimi lwaloo mdlali ngababukeli abamthandayo. Ukuba umdlali usebenzisa izinto ezithile ukuhombisa iintetha zakhe, loo nto ingenza ukuba ababukeli basebenzise ezo zinto nabo. Ezi nkqubo zikamabonakude zithi zibe nefuthe elimandla ekusetyenzisweni kolwimi. Olu phando lukhangela ukuba yeyiphi indima edlalwa ngumdlalo okhethiweyo wesiXhosa kumabonakude ekuphuhliseni nasekulondolozeni isiXhosa xa kujongwa ulwimi olusetyenziswayo, iindlela zokuthetha kwakunye nemiba echaphazela inkcubeko. Kwiziphumo uphando lufumanise ukuba umdlalo okhethiweyo awenzi ngokwaneleyo ukuphuhlisa nokulondoloza isiXhosa. Uphando luqhutywe kusetyenziswa indlela yophando eluhlahlelo hlobo. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Indima edlalwa ngumdlalo okhethiweyo wesiXhosa kumabonakude ekuphuhliseni nasekulondolozeni isiXhosa

  • Authors: Ntshwanti, Awodwa
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Xhosa drama -- 21st century , Xhosa language -- 21st century , Television broadcasting -- Language
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/72472 , vital:79229
  • Description: Kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye sele kuthenjelwe kwizixhobo ezithile ezifana noomabonakude, iincwadi noonomathotholo njengezona zixhobo zokulondoloza ulwimi lungafi. Kwakhona ukufundwa kweencwadi sele kudodobala ngamandla kuba abantu bachitha ixesha elide bebukele amabalana kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya efana noomabonakude. Esi simo senza ukufundwa kweencwadi kungathathelwa ngqalelo ingako. Ababhali beencwadi bebesenza ngako konke okusemandleni abo ukugcina iilwimi zikumgangatho onguwo. Ngoku umabonakude ngoyena udlala indima enkulu kulwimi kuba indlela abadlali abasebenzisa ngayo ulwimi kwiinkqubo zabo ithi ibe nefuthe elimandla ekusetyenzisweni kolo lwimi lwaloo mdlali ngababukeli abamthandayo. Ukuba umdlali usebenzisa izinto ezithile ukuhombisa iintetha zakhe, loo nto ingenza ukuba ababukeli basebenzise ezo zinto nabo. Ezi nkqubo zikamabonakude zithi zibe nefuthe elimandla ekusetyenzisweni kolwimi. Olu phando lukhangela ukuba yeyiphi indima edlalwa ngumdlalo okhethiweyo wesiXhosa kumabonakude ekuphuhliseni nasekulondolozeni isiXhosa xa kujongwa ulwimi olusetyenziswayo, iindlela zokuthetha kwakunye nemiba echaphazela inkcubeko. Kwiziphumo uphando lufumanise ukuba umdlalo okhethiweyo awenzi ngokwaneleyo ukuphuhlisa nokulondoloza isiXhosa. Uphando luqhutywe kusetyenziswa indlela yophando eluhlahlelo hlobo. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Ingress of early-stage fishes into the Swartkops estuary, South Africa: comparing present with past assemblages

  • Authors: Grundlingh, Philipp Louw
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Estuaries -- South Africa -- Swartkops River , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Swartkops River Estuary , Fishes -- Larvae
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/75725 , vital:79994
  • Description: Fishing pressure and reduced adult populations result in changes in spawning periodicity and recruitment of coastal fishes. Estuaries are a well-known nursery habitat for many species of coastal fishes in warm-temperate South Africa, many of which hold significant economic, recreational and cultural importance. Therefore, the ingress of early-stage fishes into the Swartkops Estuary – an estuary renowned for its high density and diversity of early-stage teleost fishes – was investigated by repeating and expanding upon historical research to assess changes in the assemblage of early-stage fishes following the collapse of many coastal fish stocks. This allowed for a more detailed assessment of seasonality trends over an extended sampling period than previously undertaken for tidal exchange research, as well as enabling comparisons of data spanning over 40 years using larval fishes as indicators of changes in spawning activity, density, species diversity and phenology. To date, no such comparison exists in South Africa. Samples were collected fortnightly on the spring flooding tide from February 2022 to January 2023 using boat-based towing of two WP2 plankton nets in the mouth region of the Swartkops Estuary. Data were analysed using species richness and diversity indices, frequency distributions and a generalised additive model approach in Chapter 2, together with descriptive statistics and presence-absence analysis in Chapter 3. Similar to findings by Beckley (1985), the present-day assemblage of early-stage fishes in the Swartkops Estuary is comprised of a broad range of species. However, due to an extended 12-month sampling period, a much broader array of species was collected in this study. In total 42 families, representing 75 species, were collected in this study. Physico-chemical variables significantly affected the seasonal differences in density and diversity, with peak densities recorded in summer and obligate estuarine users dominating the catches. The assemblage of early-stage fishes utilising the estuary has significantly changed over the last four decades. Although the density of important fisheries species has decreased and proportional increases in species with little to no economic value have occurred, the Swartkops Estuary can still be considered an important nursery and source habitat for the early developmental stages of exploited coastal fishes. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Integrated approach to urban renewal: a case of Helensvale, Port Elizabeth

  • Authors: Tyamzashe, Nangamso
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Urban renewal -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , City planning -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Slums -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/74192 , vital:79664
  • Description: The main aim of this research is to seek an integrated approach to sustainable urban renewal. This done through a programme in Helenvale, Port Elizabeth. This is done by focusing on the importance of integrating the social and environmental aspects of urban renewal with the economic aspects. The study further seeks to explore the concept of sustainability in urban renewal. This research was based on a qualitative research methodology which was applied to a case study based on Helenvale in Port Elizabeth. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders in the area’s urban renewal programme. The data collected was transcribed and then subjected to a thematic analysis where the crucial themes were identified. The researcher highlighted that a constructivist epistemological perspective was utilized because it allows for the exploration of subjective meanings and interpretations of the data. In addition, a thematic analysis was used in order to analyse and interpret the results obtained from the stakeholders of the Helenvale Urban Renewal Programme. For an urban renewal project to be successful, it is important to introduce community participation at the very beginning and to encourage community involvement as this can contribute to the sustainability of the project. It is also crucial that the rising crime rate in the area is controlled, as this has a negative impact on the restoration of Helenvale. This research was limited to a case study based on Helenvale in Port Elizabeth. Although further research into other urban renewal projects could assist with tackling the critical issues that arose, it was recommended that each project should be treated individually because every community experiences its own specific issues. It is important to be able to identify the social, environmental and economic issues that a community is dealing with before an urban renewal project commences. This can assist in creating a project that is community-specific and that can in the future break the cycle of impoverishment, crime, unemployment, and other related issues. The results of the analysis highlight the importance of integration within an urban renewal programme. Without the integration of the social, environmental and economic issues in a holistic manner, these programmes are non-sustainable. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, School of Built Environment and Civil Engineering, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Intermediate phase teachers’ perceptions on the causes of disruptive behaviour in the classroom: a study involving two schools in the Johannesburg region

  • Authors: Paulsen, Leigh
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Problem children -- Education -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Classroom management , Effective teaching
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/71775 , vital:79130
  • Description: Learner disruptive behaviour is experienced by all teachers, whether it is major or minor. After the abolishment of corporal punishment in South Africa, teachers are still navigating through different ways to manage learner disruptive behaviour. This research study explores the perceptions of Intermediate Phase teachers on the causes of disruptive behaviour at their schools. The theoretical framework that guided this study was Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory. A qualitative approach was used for this study and data was collected through questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Two schools were identified for this study: one being a public school and the other an independent school. Two sampling types were used, that being convenience sampling and purposive sampling. The findings show that there were both similarities and differences in these perceptions at both schools. Teachers experience different degrees of disruptive behaviour in their classes and identified society, parental influence and the school as factors that contribute the most to learner disruptive behaviour. Furthermore, the findings suggest that learner disruptive behaviour has a negative effect on teachers’ morale and motivation as well as learners’ academic performances. Besides providing some insights into learner disruptive behaviour, the study also attempts to provide some assistance to teachers in managing disruptive behaviour. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, School of Initial Teacher Education, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Interpreted justice: Exploring the use and experiences of court interpreters in Empangeni, KwaZulu Natal

  • Authors: Tom, Zizipho
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Language and languages -- Law and legislation , Language services -- South Africa , Law -- South Africa -- Language
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/72538 , vital:79235
  • Description: The language of record in the South African justice system has been English since 2017, after the decision of the Heads of Court. The majority of South Africans, however, do not speak English. Since South Africa is a multilingual and multicultural society with twelve official languages, interpreters mitigate communication issues during court proceedings. This study investigates the language and communication challenges interpreters encounter and how justice proceedings are affected by said challenges. This research was conducted at the Empangeni Magistrates’ Court in KwaZulu Natal. It was qualitative research that used exploratory-descriptive research methods to reach its objectives. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data, which was then analysed through thematic and discourse analysis. This study took into account various ethical considerations by the university ethics committee. The dissertation used a social justice approach advanced by Fraser's integrated justice theory and outlined how she approached the question of participation. Using Fraser's understanding of participation and the complexity of monolingualism in South Africa’s judicial system will assist in mapping out clearly how the issue of language is central to understanding matters of justice in South Africa. Additionally, since South Africa is a former colonial state, the question of decoloniality is posed to properly speak to the question at hand in its full political context. This research found that, indeed, there are challenges that court interpreters face in court. These challenges were language, cultural, emotional and professional challenges. This study also revealed that court interpreters have mechanisms in place to mitigate the challenges they face to ensure a good service for their community. Additionally, this study showed that the training mechanism offered to court interpreters has slightly improved from the previous studies. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Interpreted justice: exploring the use and experiences of court interpreters in Empangeni, KwaZulu Natal

  • Authors: Tom, Zizipho
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Translating and interpreting -- South Africa , Witnesses -- South Africa -- KwaZulu Natal , Law -- Translating -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/72533 , vital:79236
  • Description: The language of record in the South African justice system has been English since 2017, after the decision of the Heads of Court. The majority of South Africans, however, do not speak English. Since South Africa is a multilingual and multicultural society with twelve official languages, interpreters mitigate communication issues during court proceedings. This study investigates the language and communication challenges interpreters encounter and how justice proceedings are affected by said challenges. This research was conducted at the Empangeni Magistrates’ Court in KwaZulu Natal. It was qualitative research that used exploratory-descriptive research methods to reach its objectives. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data, which was then analysed through thematic and discourse analysis. This study took into account various ethical considerations by the university ethics committee. The dissertation used a social justice approach advanced by Fraser's integrated justice theory and outlined how she approached the question of participation. Using Fraser's understanding of participation and the complexity of monolingualism in South Africa’s judicial system will assist in mapping out clearly how the issue of language is central to understanding matters of justice in South Africa. Additionally, since South Africa is a former colonial state, the question of decoloniality is posed to properly speak to the question at hand in its full political context. This research found that, indeed, there are challenges that court interpreters face in court. These challenges were language, cultural, emotional and professional challenges. This study also revealed that court interpreters have mechanisms in place to mitigate the challenges they face to ensure a good service for their community. Additionally, this study showed that the training mechanism offered to court interpreters has slightly improved from the previous studies. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Investigating factors that affect service delivery of municipal roads in South Africa

  • Authors: Bouwer, Brendan
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Service delivery -- South Africa , Infrastructure (Economics) -- South Africa , Roads -- South Africa -- Finance
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/72000 , vital:79176
  • Description: Given its close proximity to communities, local government is considered the most important level of government. According to the supreme law of South Africa, the Constitution indicates that municipalities have a duty to provide basic municipal services to communities and residents which are essential for enhancing their quality of life. These services include the supply of potable water, electricity, roads and community healthcare. The aim of this study is to identify opportunities for the improvement of the provision of municipal road infrastructure services by investigating the effect that the identified independent variables which include Risk Management, Root-Cause Analysis, Empowering Leadership, and Performance Monitoring and Evaluation, have on the dependent variable, Service Delivery. An academic study, comprising a non-experimental mail system survey and closed-ended questionnaire collection method, was conducted. The survey was composed using Google forms, and questionnaires were forwarded to selected municipalities including the Johannesburg Roads Agency, City of Cape Town, Tshwane, Mangaung, Mbombela and Nelson Mandela Municipalities. The respective gatekeepers were informed of the objective of the study and were requested to promote the voluntary participation of suitable respondents. The key findings revealed that the independent variables Risk Management, Root-Cause Analysis and Empowering Leadership are essential in improving the provision of municipal road infrastructure services, and that the Performance Monitoring and Evaluation variable has no effect on it. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Investigating the relationship between matric mathematics performance and economic growth in South Africa

  • Authors: Chimhanda, Gracian Junior
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Evaluation , Economic development -- South Africa , Gross domestic product -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/72011 , vital:79177
  • Description: This study investigated the relationship between mathematics, government spending, and economic growth in South Africa. The study explored the relationship between mathematics performance and economic growth indicators, specifically GDP growth, and employment rates using regression analysis to ascertain the impact of each variable. The findings revealed that whereas mathematics has a positive impact on economic growth, the effect is not statistically significant. In contrast, government spending demonstrates a positive and statistically major influence on the country's economic growth. The results suggested that although mathematics may play a role in enhancing economic outcomes, its direct contribution remains uncertain within the scope of this study. However, the positive and notable correlation between government expenditure and economic growth, highlighted the importance of fiscal policy in driving economic performance in South Africa. These findings emphasised the potential of government spending as a key policy tool for stimulating growth, while also indicating the need for further research to better understand the nuanced role of mathematics in economic development. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Business School, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Investigating the use of risk management in minimising cybersecurity threats within a South African maritime border in Gqeberha

  • Authors: Deliwe, Mdumiseni
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Cyber intelligence (Computer security) , Maritime terrorism , Piracy
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/72656 , vital:79245
  • Description: The emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has transformed information technology and manufacturing. It has affected many sectors, including the maritime industry systems. The maritime freight-forwarding sector provides 70% of trade value and transports around 80 to 90% of all commodities and products worldwide, making it the backbone of international trade. The advancement in technology comes with many benefits for the maritime industry, including the progression of the technical structure of ships through the implementation of integration, digitalisation and automation of systems. However, apart from the opportunities presented by technology developments within the maritime industry, technology has also provided opportunities for cyber-crimes, making the sector vulnerable to cyber attacks that are similar to other critical infrastructures which are connected. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the use of risk management in minimising cyber security threats in the South African Maritime Border in Gqeberha. The study follows a qualitative approach where participants within maritime cyber security were interviewed. The data collected was analysed using thematic analysis. Ten people participated. The results highlighted why cyber security is important, linking to the protection of confidential information, the protection of resources from cyber-attacks as well as the reduction of financial loss. Several recommendations were put forward, including - but not limited to - the need for all personnel working within maritime industry cyber security to undergo ongoing training because technology advances continuously. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Investigation of control methods applied to the doubly fed induction generator

  • Authors: Mhlana, Siboleke
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Electric machinery, Induction , Power resources -- South Africa , Renewable energy sources
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/74072 , vital:79621
  • Description: Given the depletion and environmental impact associated with the use of coal or other natural gases for purposes of producing power, the demand of electricity has grown and the need for use of renewables as an alternative source of energy has also received great attention. Various renewable sources exist for producing power and these sources include photovoltaic system, thermal energy, hydro-electric power, and wind energy etc. However, electricity generation from wind has dominated the engineering field, particularly the renewable energy space. Nowadays, a large proportion of renewable electrical power is coming from wind power plants either from onshore or offshore. The hybrid connection of renewable systems with low voltage, medium, or high voltage electrical network may have impact into the operation of the network and can have dynamic effect into the overall power system performance. The rotor speed changes of the turbine because of change in wind may results in changes in grid voltage and frequency. Therefore, it is imperative to comprehensively examine and evaluate the use of wind energy sources into the electrical grid. In the past decade, the wind turbines with slip-ring induction generator commonly known as dual fed induction generator has drawn attention and provides an alternative to the use of traditional variable speed generators due to it having two circuits. The stator flux orientation in the direct axis, results for the equal magnitude of stator and quadrature voltages. The transformed direct current rotor components are utilized for the control of machine output powers, flux and torque. The switching signals for the converter are produced using the pulse width modulation (PWM). PWM is widely used as an alternative for enabling the control of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). In this dissertation, conventional proportional integral controller (PI), second order active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC), conventional siding mode controller (SMC) and Fuzzy-PI controller were modelled and simulated on MATLAB/Simulink only. The proposed control methods were investigated and evaluated in terms of the steady state error, steady state ripple and ripple overshoot at both low and high speeds. From the simulation results, fuzzy-PI controller exhibited the overall best results, yielding steady state ripple superiority of above 90%. However, it was observed that the fuzzy-PI controller has a slow response time, and that the algorithm has a high computational burden, thereby making iterative tuning a complex task when compared to other controllers. , Thesis (MEng) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, School of Engineering, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Investigation of the sudden dieback of Gymnosphaera capensis (forest tree fern) in southern Afrotemperate forests.

  • Authors: Elliott, Anneke
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Forests and forestry , Ferns , Forest conservation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Master's theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/75661 , vital:79982
  • Description: The Afrotemperate forests of the southern Cape are one of the smallest biomes in South Africa and are considered vulnerable. Forest fragmentaCon, fire events, human acCvity, and climate, amongst other factors, have impacted the distribuCon of these forests. Since 2013, dieback of indigenous forest tree ferns has been noted by local park rangers. Gymnosphaera capensis (forest tree fern) is indigenous to South Africa, and is found near streams, within the southern Cape Afrotemperate forests. These ferns play an important ecological role in the forest, e.g. they contribute to nutrient cycling, acts as a host for various epiphytes and form a tall dense canopy over the forest understory, creaCng a shaded environment. Given the absence of prior research as to the cause or Cmeline of the decline of G. capensis, the first objecCve of this study was to determine the extent of G. capensis dieback in the southern Cape forests. I first invesCgated individual level health, and later populaCon level health. For the first analysis on individual level health, I looked at a specific region, the Knysna forest, to minimize environmental variability, and surveyed 900 individual G. capensis trunks. I invesCgated three main factors that were hypothesized to influence individual G. capensis health, namely distance to stream, trunk surface area and distance to nearest defoliated fern. This was to determine the effect of water availability, individual age, and proximity to a potenCally diseased fern on an individual’s health, respecCvely. On landscape level, we invesCgated the populaCon health of thirty G. capensis populaCons, over an approximate 180 km range from west (Friemersheim) to east (Tsitsikamma). I also tested for the root mould, Phytophthora, to see if the pathogen influenced G. capensis health status. On individual level we found that the greatest influence on fern health status was trunk surface area 5 and distance to stream, and that the distance to nearest defoliated fern, as well as Phytophthora spp. presence had no effect on fern health status. Ferns that had greater trunk surface area, and ferns growing further away from streams, were more likely to be defoliated. When only looking at foliated ferns, we found that more mature ferns were more likely to have healthier fronds and greater sori counts. At the populaCon level study, we found that of the thirty populaCons, one site was without foliated ferns and had no signs of recovery, while the other populaCons displayed a range of health and different states of potenCal recovery. There was a trend of populaCon health from west to east, where G. capensis populaCons on the western side of our study area had be,er overall health and sori counts. The populaCons towards the east displayed poorer fern health, yet had increased numbers of juvenile sporophytes, indicaCng potenCal recovery. Canopy cover also held significance; populaCons with denser forest canopies had greater juvenile sporophyte presence, as well as increased resprouCng from the base of trunks. No link could be established between the presence of Phytophthora spp. and G. capensis dieback. During this study, data from each locaCon were collected during a single visit. Consequently, this approach may limit the findings, as it does not account for changes in G. capensis health that could occur over Cme due to varying environmental condiCons. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2025
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  • Date Issued: 2025-04

Ion-implanted metal-polymer nano-composites for sensor applications

  • Authors: Ndzane, Nolufefe Muriel
  • Date: 2025-04
  • Subjects: Nanostructured materials , Metallic composites , Polymeric composites
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/76121 , vital:80160
  • Description: Conducting polymers are used in various electronic systems. Compared to inorganic systems, one polymer can exhibit a range of electrical properties from insulating to semiconducting and conducting. This can be attributed to their tuneable electrical properties by doping, which depends on the doping level and dopant type. The main method that is used for doping polymers is the wet chemical method. The main limitation of doping via wet chemical methods is the inability to control the depth and dispersion of dopants in the polymer matrix. However, low-energy ion implantation has been suggested as a possible method for doping polymers as the penetration depth of the implanted ions can be better controlled. There has been an increase in the fabrication of thin film conducting polymers using different doping methods for various electronic applications. It has been reported that thin film organic semiconductors have a defective and disordered structure which greatly influences their electronic properties. The microstructure and electronic properties of thin film organic semiconductors have been reported to be very sensitive to the fabrication methods and parameters used. The mechanisms by which doping affects the electrical and structural properties, morphology and chemical stability of the doped polymer composite are not well understood. The understanding of the mechanisms is complicated by the fact that numerous fabrication routes are utilised which affect the polymerisation of polymers resulting in different polymer chain lengths. The reproducibility of studies is being compromised by the fact that different polymer chain lengths have been used by different groups resulting in major challenges in the interpretation of research results of polymer composites. During the past ten years there has been an increase in the number of publications on polymers, specifically polyaniline. The aims of this thesis are firstly the successful fabrication of polyaniline (emeraldine base) (PANI-EB) thin films and secondly the investigation of the effect of Cu ion implantation, at different fluences, on the evolution of the structure and electrical conduction mechanisms of PANI-EB thin films. Thirdly, the effect of using PANI-EB of different chain lengths and the subsequent fabrication of metal-polyaniline junctions was also investigated. The investigations were conducted on PANI-EB films prepared from PANI-EB powder purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Thin films were fabricated on PET and FTO-glass substrates using a spin coating technique, followed by Cu+ ion implantation at iThemba Labs in South Africa. After Cu ion implantation, the metal-semiconductor junction was fabricated by depositing aluminium onto the thin film surface. The results of this study revealed that PANI-EB with different chain lengths exhibit different structural morphologies. High average molecular weight (MW) PANI-EB films were found to be more porous than low MW PANI-EB. This finding explains why the implanted region in high MW PANI-EB films was found to be less well-defined than that in low MW PANI-EB films. These results suggest that the MW of the polymer used to fabricate the film could affect the quality of the compact metal-semiconductor junctions. Since authors mostly do not specify the MW of the polymers used, the different MW polymers used for thin film synthesis could be one of the reasons for the poor reproducibility found for the properties of polyaniline thin films. Electrical measurements revealed that the PANI-EB changed from diode-like behaviour in its pure form, or after implantation with a low fluence (~1015 ions/cm2) ions, to Ohmic behaviour after implantation with high fluence (~1016 ions/cm2) ions. Due to the numerous potential applications of conducting polymers, it is important to optimise the fabrication methods used to produce polymer thin films with specific and reproducible properties. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the optimal fabrication parameters and their effect on the microstructure, morphology, and electrical properties is critical to overcoming the challenges. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular & Chemical Sciences, 2025
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2025-04
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